Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago consisting of 13,487 islands, therefore it is also called Nusantara ("outer islands", in addition to Java, which is considered the center). With a population of 222 million people in 2006, Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world and the most populous Muslim country in the world, although it is not officially an Islamic state. Indonesia is a republic form of government, the House of Representatives, Regional Representatives Council and the president is elected directly. Jakarta is the country's capital. Indonesia borders Malaysia on Borneo island, with Papua New Guinea on the island of Papua and East Timor on the island of Timor. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the union territory Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India.
Indonesia's history is heavily influenced by other nations. The Indonesian archipelago became an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when the kingdom of Sriwijaya in Palembang religion and trade relations with China and India. Hindu kingdoms and Buddhism has grown in the early centuries AD, followed by the traders who brought Islam, and various European powers fought one another to monopolize the spice trade of Maluku during the era of ocean exploration. Once under Dutch rule, Indonesia which was then called the Dutch East Indies declared independence at the end of World War II. Furthermore, Indonesia has received a variety of obstacles, threats and challenges from natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.From Sabang to Merauke, Indonesia consists of distinct ethnic, linguistic and religious groups. The Javanese are the largest ethnic group and most politically dominant. Indonesia's national motto, "Unity in Diversity" ("Different but remains one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Besides having a dense population and vast territory, Indonesia has a natural area that supports the level of biodiversity in the world's second largest.Indonesia is also a member of the United Nations and the only member to ever come out of the UN, namely on January 7, 1965, and rejoined on the 28th September 1966 and remained declared Indonesia's 60th member, the same membership since joining Indonesia on 28 September 1950. In addition to the United Nations, Indonesia is also a member of the ASEAN, APEC, OIC, G-20 and will be a member of the OECD.
The word "Indonesia" is derived from the Latin word Indus meaning the "Indies" and nesos Greek word meaning "island". Thus, the Indonesian word meaning Indies islands, or archipelago located in the Indian, which shows that name was formed long before Indonesia became a sovereign state. in 1850, George Earl, a British ethnologist, proposed the terms originally Indunesia and Malayunesia to the "Indian Archipelago or the Malay Archipelago". Students from Earl, James Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a synonym for the word of the Islands of India. However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies Dutch media did not use the word Indonesia, but the terms Malay Archipelago (Maleische Archipel); Dutch East Indies (Nederlandsch Oost Indie), or the Indian (Indie), East (de Oost) and even Insulinde (this term was introduced in 1860 in the novel Max Havelaar (1859), written by Multatuli, the criticism of Dutch colonialism). Since 1900, the name Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression. Adolf Bastian of the University of Berlin socializing with the user name Rodel oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884-1894. Indonesian students first use is Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established the news service in the Netherlands named Indonesisch Press Bureau in 1913.
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